\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\begin{document}
\small
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,xscale=0.5]
  % \useasboundingbox(0.9,0)rectangle(5.1,5);
  \draw[->] (-.5, 0)--(20,0)node [right]{$z$};
  \draw [->](0,-.8)--(0,1)node [right]{$E$};
  \node at (0,0)[below left]{$O$};
  \draw [very thick] plot[domain=0:4*pi, samples=1000] function{.7*sin(x)} ;
  \foreach \x in {1,2,3}
  {
  \draw[dashed] (2*pi*\x, -0.8)--(2*pi*\x, 1.2);
  }
  \draw[<->] (4*pi, 0.5) to node [fill=white]{$\lambda$} (6*pi, 0.5);
  \node at (-3.2, 0)[right]{$t=0$};
  \draw[->] (pi/2, 0)--(pi/2, 0.7);
  \draw[->] (pi*1.5, 0)--(pi*1.5, -0.7);
  \draw[->] (pi/4, 0)--(pi/4, 0.7/1.414);
  \draw[->] (pi*.75, 0)--(pi*.75, 0.7/1.414);
  \draw[->] (pi*1.25, 0)--(pi*1.25, -0.7/1.414);
  \draw[->] (pi*1.75, 0)--(pi*1.75, -0.7/1.414);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}